aditya
07:41
Vision IAS Security Mains 365 English 2022 PDF
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Tuesday, August 02, 2022
Monday, August 01, 2022
Daily Current Affairs, 01st August 2022
aditya
19:34
1) World Breastfeeding Week 2022: 1-7 August
•World Breastfeeding Week is observed every year to emphasize regular breastfeeding for babies. This year breastfeeding week commences on August 1 while it concludes on August 7. Breastfeeding is extremely crucial for the healthy growth and development of an infant. Breastmilk is the best food for newborn babies. It contains antibodies that aid in preventing several prevalent paediatric ailments.
World Breastfeeding Week 2022: Theme
•This year’s World Breastfeeding Week, under its theme ‘Step Up for Breastfeeding: Educate and Support.’ is a time to revisit the commitments made at the start of this year by prioritizing breastfeeding-friendly environments for mothers and babies. By urging organisations and nations to create safeguards for breastfeeding, this topic hopes to increase breastfeeding awareness.
2) 3rd India-Vietnam Bilateral Army Exercise “Ex VINBAX 2022” begins in Haryana
•The 3rd edition of Vietnam-India Bilateral Army Exercise “Ex VINBAX 2022” is conducted at Chandimandir, Haryana from August 1 to 20, 2022. The theme of Ex VINBAX 2022 is the “Employment and deployment of an Engineer Company and a Medical Team as part of United Nations Contingent for Peace Keeping Operations”. The exercise will further strengthen the bilateral relations between India and Vietnam.
3) 4th India-Oman Joint Military Exercise ‘AL NAJAH-IV’ begins
•The 4th Edition of India-Oman Joint Military Exercise ‘AL NAJAH-IV’ begins in Rajasthan at the Foreign Training Node of Mahajan Field Firing Ranges. The exercise takes place between contingents of the Indian Army and the Royal Army of Oman from August 01 to 13, 2022. The 3rd edition of Ex AL NAJAH IV was held at Muscat from 12 to 25 March 2019.
4) Amit Shah inaugurated conference on drug trafficking
•Union Home Minister Amit Shah spent all day in Chandigarh where he inaugurated a symposium on drug trafficking and national security. Along with Shah, other speakers at the national conference included Banwarilal Purohit, the chief ministers of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, the lieutenant governor of Jammu & Kashmir, and the Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.
5) IMF Signed Extended Fund Facility(EFF) With Pakistan
•IMF(International Monetary Fund) provides assistance to countries experiencing serious payment imbalances because of structural impediments or slow growth and an inherently weak balance-of-payments position.
6) PM Modi unveils Revamped Distribution Sector Program
•Revamped Distribution Sector Program that is based on reforms and results was adopted by the Union Cabinet, which is presided over by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. By giving DISCOMs conditional financial assistance for the bolstering of supply infrastructure, the Scheme aims to increase the operational efficacy and financial viability of all DISCOMs/Power Departments, excluding those in the private sector. The eligibility for the assistance will depend on the DISCOM completing pre-qualifying requirements and achieving basic minimum benchmarks that will be assessed using an agreed-upon evaluation system linked to financial improvements. Instead of using a one-size-fits-all approach, the implementation of the Scheme would be dependent on the action plan developed for each state.
7) Kerala leads in hosting legislative sessions in 2021
•Kerala, which dropped to eighth place in terms of convening Assembly sessions during the initial COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, regained first place in 2021 with the nation’s longest House session at 61 days. The PRS Legislative Research, a think tank with its headquarters in New Delhi, published the research on the operation of State Assemblies for 2021.
8) Sanjay Arora to join as the new Delhi Police commissioner
•Sanjay Arora, a Tamil Nadu-cadre IPS officer who oversaw the paramilitary ITBP, will assume control of the Delhi Police as Delhi Police commissioner. He is scheduled to retire in 2025. Sanjay Arora was named commissioner of the Delhi Police, replacing the previous Delhi Police Commissioner Rakesh Asthana, an IPS officer from the Gujarat Cadre who retired after nearly 38 years of service.
9) Tamil Nadu Police received President’s colour from Venkaiah Naidu
•In an usual event at Rajarathinam Stadium in Chennai, Chief Minister M.K. Stalin received the renowned “President’s Colours” for the Tamil Nadu Police from Vice-President of India M. Venkaiah Naidu. One of the very few law enforcement agencies in the nation to be awarded the coveted “President’s Colours” is the Tamil Nadu Police. To commemorate the achievement, Mr. Stalin declared that each police officer in the service would get a medal.
10) New Excise Policy unveiled by Delhi Government
•New Excise Policy 2021-2022 is unveiled by the Delhi government. The policy seems to provide a walk-in experience for customers at alcohol shops, promote microbreweries, and allow bars in hotels, restaurants, and clubs to operate till 3 AM. On 1 August, the Excise Policy 2021-22 was made public.
11) Commonwealth Games 2022: Jeremy Lalrinnunga wins Gold in men’s 67 kg weightlifting
•India’s Jeremy Lalrinnunga has won the gold medal in men’s 67 kg category weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. The 19-year-old Youth Olympic champion lifted a total of 300kg (140kg+160kg) to get the first position. This is the second gold for the country and fifth medal overall. Samoan weightlifter Vaipava Nevo Ioane secured a silver medal with a lift of 293 (127kg + 166kg) and Nigeria’s Edidiong Joseph Umoafia won bronze, 290kg (130kg+160kg).
12) Commonwealth Games 2022: Weightlifter Achinta Sheuli clinch gold medal
•India’s weightlifter, Achinta Sheuli (73 Kg representative) bagged the gold medal in The Commonwealth Games 2022. The 20-year-old claimed the yellow metal with a combined effort of 313 Kilograms (143kg in snatch and 170kg in clean & jerk). India has been performing exceptionally well in weightlifting as the contingent has already bagged 6 medals in this edition.
•Malaysia’s Erry Hidayat Muhammad, who gave Sheuli a tough competition, ended as the second-best lifter in the event. He had the best effort of 303kg (138kg 165kg). Canada’s Shad Darsigny was third with a total lift of 298kg (135kg 163kg).
Insights IAS I- Wil Mains 2022 Test 1 With Solution PDF
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14:16
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The HINDU Notes – 01st August 2022
aditya
14:04
📰 The technology powering hybrid electric vehicles
What are the pros and cons of hybrid electric vehicles? How is it different from normal EVs?
•A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) uses an ICE (a petrol/diesel engine) and one or more electric motors to run. It is powered by the electric motor alone, which uses energy stored in batteries, by the ICE, or both
•The efficiency of HEVs will be determined by their ability to recover as much energy as possible while braking, with a higher degree of energy recovery lowering fuel consumption. A regenerative braking system (RBS) while enhancing fuel economy also helps in energy optimisation resulting in minimum energy wastage.
•The HEVs can be categorised into micro, mild and full hybrid vehicles, based on the degree of hybridisation. The hybrid variants of the Maruti Suzuki’s Grand Vitara and the Toyota’s Urban Cruiser Hyryder can be classified as full and mild hybrids.
•The story so far: In recent months, automakers Maruti Suzuki, Toyota and Honda have launched hybrid electric vehicles in India, offering car buyers more choices in the nascent electric vehicle market. These new hybrid electric vehicles from different automakers, are relying on hybrid technology and its advantages over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered vehicles to change car buyers’ minds.
What is a hybrid electric vehicle?
•A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) uses an ICE (a petrol/diesel engine) and one or more electric motors to run. It is powered by the electric motor alone, which uses energy stored in batteries, by the ICE, or both. The powertrain of the HEV is more complex than a regular ICE-powered car as it has EV components and a conventional ICE. That means a typical HEV will have a low-voltage auxiliary battery, a traction battery pack to store electricity for the electric motor, an electric generator, an AC/DC converter, a power electronics controller, a thermal system to maintain working temperature, an ICE, a fuel tank, a fuel filler, a transmission and an exhaust system.
How do HEV powertrains work?
•HEV powertrains are designed to power cars in a series, parallel or series-parallel (power split) methods. A series HEV uses only the electric motor to drive the wheels, while the ICE powers the generator, which in turn recharges the battery. A parallel HEV, based on the driving condition, uses the best power source to power the vehicle. It will alternate between the electric motor and the ICE to keep the car moving.
•A series-parallel HEV offers a combination of both models and allows to split power, wherein power is routed from the ICE alone or from the battery to the electric motor to drive the vehicle. Moreover, in all three designs, the battery is charged through regenerative braking technology.
How does regenerative braking work?
•A regenerative braking system (RBS) used in automotive applications has several advantages like better braking efficiency in stop-and-go traffic which enhances fuel economy and also helps in reducing carbon emissions. Besides, RBS also helps in energy optimisation resulting in minimum energy wastage.
•Based on the type of RBS, the energy recovery happens in multiple ways. A kinetic system can recover the energy lost during braking and then use this energy to recharge the high-voltage battery of the vehicle. An electric system generates electricity through a motor during sudden braking. Lastly, a hydraulic system uses pressurised tanks to store the vehicle’s kinetic energy and can offer a high energy recovery rate which is ideal for heavy vehicles.
•The efficiency of HEVs and EVs will in large part be determined by their ability to recover as much energy as possible while braking, with a higher degree of energy recovery lowering fuel consumption. The amount of recoverable energy depends upon factors like vehicle speed and stopping pattern. The adoption of regenerative braking technology in the auto industry is increasing on account of the operating efficiency of vehicles through reduced fuel consumption and the extended range of batteries.
•Maruti Suzuki, Toyota and Honda have introduced HEVs with multiple powertrain choices, including self-charging strong-hybrid electric vehicles (SHEVs) that use RBS for self-charging the HEVs. As per a study by iCAT, a government testing agency, SHEVs can run 40% of the distance and 60% of the time as an EV with the petrol engine shut off.
•While regenerative braking systems are already available in most EVs, the technology is also used in electric railways. Rail transit can be described as frequent acceleration and braking of trains across many stations. This increases the potential for braking energy recovery using energy storage systems, which can recuperate and reuse braking energy from metro cars, further enhancing energy efficiency. A portion of a train’s energy consumption can be saved by using traction systems that allow regenerative braking.
What are the different types of HEVs?
•The HEVs can be categorised into micro, mild and full hybrid vehicles, based on the degree of hybridisation. The hybrid variants of the Maruti Suzuki’s Grand Vitara and the Toyota’s Urban Cruiser Hyryder can be classified as full and mild hybrids.
•A full HEV will have a larger battery and a more powerful electric motor compared with a mild HEV. As a result, a full HEV can power the vehicle for longer distances using just electric mode, whereas a mild HEV cannot drive using only the electric motor and uses the battery at traffic lights or in stop-and-go traffic to support the ICE. Micro hybrids do not offer electric torque assistance as they lack an electric motor, but they have an idle stop-start system and energy management functions. Full HEVs offer better fuel economy compared with the other two types of HEVs but they also cost more than them.
•Then there are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that are just like full HEVs, but they can be charged using a wall outlet, as they have an onboard charger and a charging port. PHEVs generally use the electric motor until the battery is almost drained, and then automatically switch to the ICE. PHEVs accounted for about 23% of 1.95 million global EV shipments in the first quarter of 2022, as per market research firm Counterpoint.
What are the main advantages of using hybrid technology?
•Fuel efficiency is a major factor for most people considering buying a car. Most vehicles with hybrid technology offer better fuel efficiency, more power, and minimum emissions. The design of hybrid vehicles for reduced engine size and car weight as compared to ICE vehicles, translates into increased mileage to favour the demand for these vehicles. Moreover, with the increase in total power and torque, HEVs can deliver instant torque and provide high torque even at low speeds.
What are some challenges of hybrid technology?
•In a price-sensitive market like India, one of the major challenges for HEVs is the high vehicle cost. Battery, a vital component of an HEV, increases the cost of the vehicle, making it pricier than vehicles powered only by an ICE. The RBS also adds to the higher cost of an HEV.
Are HEVs helping the auto industry transition from ICE vehicles to EVs?
•The automotive industry is transitioning, with an increasing focus on hybrid and battery electric vehicles (BEVs or EVs). Meanwhile, the rise in fossil fuel prices, increase in the adoption of clean mobility solutions, and stringent government norms for emission control drive the growth of the global EV market.
•“SHEVs will play a critical role not only in reducing fossil fuel consumption, carbon emissions and pollution but also in creating a local EV parts manufacturing eco-system while simultaneously protecting the huge existing investments and jobs related to ICE parts manufacturing thus ensuring a faster and disruption-free technology transition,” Vikram Gulati, EVP at Toyota Kirloskar Motor, told The Hindu.
•He further added, “SHEV adoption will also accelerate BEV adoption as these technologies have common electric powertrain parts that will help in creating aggregation of demand at parts level for local manufacturing, thereby helping in reducing cost for SHEVs and BEVs to create a viable ecosystem for electrified vehicles.”
📰 PMLA verdict, an erosion of constitutional buffers
Vision IAS Economy Mains 365 Hindi 2022 PDF
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07:48
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Saturday, July 30, 2022
Insights IAS Mains 2022 Exclusive Internal Security PDF
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19:59
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Daily Current Affairs, 30th July 2022
aditya
19:52
1) International Friendship Day 2022 observed globally on 30 July
•International Friendship Day is celebrated annually on July 30 and it was first proposed way back in the year 1958 by World Friendship Crusade, an international civil organisation. According to United Nations, the International Day of Friendship can help promote peace and social harmony among people. In India as well as many other countries, Friendship Day is also celebrated on the first Sunday of August. This year it falls on August 7, 2022.
2) World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2022: 30 July
•World Day Against Trafficking is observed annually on 30 July to make people aware of who is being trafficked. The day aims to educate people that trafficking in persons is considered to be a crime, including the exploitation of women and children for tragic jobs of forced labour and sex.
•Every year across the globe, this trafficking, this exploitation of more than 25 million victims by sexual exploitation or forced labour, generates more than $150 billion in criminal revenue. It represents a comprehensive security issue, fuelling corruption, irregular migration and terrorism.
World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2022: Theme
•This year’s theme “Use and abuse of technology” focuses on the role of technology as a tool that can both enable and impede human trafficking.
3) World Ranger Day 2022 is observed globally on 31 July
•World Ranger Day is observed on 31st July every year. The International Ranger Federation established this day to honour the contribution of Park Rangers to the preservation of nature. World Ranger Day offers a chance to support their vital work, which ranges from environmental campaigning to education. The day is also an opportunity to pay tribute to rangers who have lost their lives in the line of duty.
4) PM Narendra Modi launches International Bullion Exchange IIBX in GIFT-City
•Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the ‘India International Bullion Exchange (IIBX)’, at the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) near Gandhinagar, Gujarat. IIBX is India’s first international bullion exchange. The exchange, which was announced in Budget 2020, will sell physical gold and silver. The exchange will be open for jewellers with a net worth of Rs 25 crore and above to participate.
5) Largest pink diamond in 300 years “Lulo Rose” found in Angola
•A rare pure pink diamond, believed to be the largest found in 300 years, has been unearthed in Angola, a country in Central Africa. The Lulo Rose is a type 2a diamond, meaning it has few or no impurities. It is the fifth largest diamond recovered from the Lulo mine – a joint venture between Australia’s Lucapa Diamond Company and the Angolan government.
6) India’s first teaching robot, introduced by Indus International School
•As part of a collaborative learning strategy at its schools, Indus International School has launched the innovative and first Teaching Robot in India, the Eagle Robot. Three of the Indus Schools have 21 Eagle Robots deployed, with seven in each of Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Pune. Eagle Robot is very interactive, personalises the experience, and emulates emotions through the digital face.
7) Pranay Kumar Verma named as new High Commissioner of India to Bangladesh
•Pranay Kumar Verma, an experienced diplomat and IFS official from the 1994 batch, has been chosen to serve as India’s next High Commissioner to Bangladesh. He is currently the ambassador of India to Vietnam. The Delhi-based Ministry of External Affairs made this announcement. Vikram Doraiswami, the current High Commissioner of India to the UK, is rumoured to be taking over, thus he is expected to start the job soon in his stead.
8) Indian and Malaysian bodies signs deal to support palm oil business
•The Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) and the Indian Vegetable Oil Producers’ Association (IVPA) have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to expand their cooperation in promoting the usage of palm oil. The MoU is anticipated to increase collaboration in areas of shared interest and to advance the production and consumption of palm oil from Malaysia and palm oil with the MSPO certification. Through cooperative actions and assistance for product and market development, it would advance the interests of producers, processors, users, and consumers.
9) Chhattisgarh CM launched ‘Mahtari Nyay Rath’ for women rights awareness
•To educate the state’s women about their constitutional rights and laws, the Chhattisgarh Women Commission will host the Mukhyamantri Mahtari Nyay Rath Yatra. On the occasion of the Hareli Tihaar festival, Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel will set off the “Mukhyamantri Mahtari Nyay Rath“. Through short films, messages, and booklets, the chariots will visit all of the districts to educate people about the legal protections for women and their constitutional rights.
10) Gujarat becomes first Indian state to launch semiconductor policy 2022-27
•The Gujarat government has announced a dedicated ‘Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-27’ with a view to generating at least 2,00,000 new employment opportunities during a period of five years. The Gujarat government has also decided to develop a “semicon city” which would be a part of the Dholera Special Investment Region. The projects approved under the Design-linked Incentive scheme of the Government of India will not be eligible for availing of the benefits under the new policy, said the state government press release.
Ravi Kumar Sihag AIR-Rank – 18, 2021 Toppers Notes PDF
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15:16
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The HINDU Notes – 30th July 2022
aditya
14:41
📰 Modi unveils India’s first global bullion exchange
Move could lead to standard gold pricing in the country
•Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday launched the India International Bullion Exchange (IIBX), a first in the country and NSE IFSC-SGX Connect at Gandhinagar’s GIFT city, an international financial services hub set up by the Gujarat government outside the State capital.
•India is the world’s second biggest consumer of gold and the move to set up the IIBX is seen as India’s effort to bring transparency to the market for the precious metal. Moreover, setting up of IIBX could lead to standard gold pricing in the country and make it easier for small bullion dealers and jewellers to trade in the precious metal.
•India is a leading importer of the metal and imported 1,069 tonnes of gold in 2021, up from 430 tonnes a year ago. The yellow metal is tightly regulated in the country and currently only nominated banks and agencies approved by the Reserve Bank Of India can import gold and sell to dealers and jewellers across the country.
•While launching the new exchange and laying foundation stone for new projects in GIFT city, his pet project, Mr. Modi said that India is among the biggest economies in the world and is now joining the league of global financial centres like the United States, the United Kingdom and Singapore.
Foundation stone laid
•He laid the foundation stone of the headquarters building of the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), the country’s first and only IFSC in line with those in UAE, Singapore and Hong Kong.
•“Today in the 21st century, finance and technology are linked to each other. And when it comes to technology, in science and software, India has an edge and experience. Today, India alone has 40% share in real-time digital payments all over the world,” he said at the event.
•“India is one of the world’s leading economies and will become even bigger going forward; we should build institutions that can cater to our present and future roles,” the Prime Minister said.
📰 Overcoming the Aryan-Dravidian divide
