VISION

Material For Exam

Recent Update

Tuesday, August 30, 2022

Daily Current Affairs, 30th August 2022

18:09

 


1)  International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances 2022: 30 August

•International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances is observed globally on the 30th of August every year by United Nations. The day is being observed to express deep concern about the rise in enforced or involuntary disappearances in different regions of the world including the incidents of arrest, detention and abduction. According to the UN, more than 6,000 people were registered as missing in Kosovo since 1999. Hence, the resource centre for missing persons in Kosovo has also been initiated by the UN.


2)  National Small Industry Day celebrates on 30th August

•In India, the National Small Industry Day is celebrated on 30 August every year, to support and promote small Industries for their overall growth potential and opportunities received for their development in the year. The day recognises the contribution of small industries to the country’s growth. The day is also an opportunity for the central and state governments to encourage and support small industries. These small businesses offer employment to a large number of people in India.


3)  India first time refers to ‘militarisation’ of Taiwan Strait by China

•India has for the first time referred to what it called “the militarization of the Taiwan Strait”, marking a rare instance of New Delhi appearing to comment on China’s actions towards Taiwan. The Indian High Commission in Sri Lanka released a statement in which India accused China of “militarizing the Taiwan Strait.”


4)  NITI Aayog to establish 500 Atal Tinkering Labs in J&K

•Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and NITI Aayog will be establishing more than 500 Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in Jammu and Kashmir to nurture an innovative mindset among high school students. ATL is the flagship initiative of the AIM launched by the Centre to nurture an innovative mindset amongst high school students across India.


•The Atal Tinkering Labs in J&K during which creative students displayed their innovative models and were briefed about the challenges they faced while working on these innovations. The government has directed School Education Department to promote scientific temper among the students in areas such as machine learning and artificial intelligence by proactively engaging them in various experiments and scientific activities.


5)  India overtakes China and UK to become world’s 10th largest life insurer

•The most recent report tracking the performance of the industry by Benori Knowledge, a cutting-edge provider of custom research and analytics solutions, highlighted the life insurance sector’s growth at a CAGR of 11% from 2017-2022 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9% in the following five years. The COVID-19 pandemic’s unpredictability made it more important than ever for customers to spend money on items that would strengthen their financial security, one of which is life insurance.


6)  Vajra Prahar 2022: India and USA joint exercise concluded in Himachal Pradesh

•The 13th edition of the India-US joint special forces exercise Vajra Prahar 2022 concluded at Himachal Pradesh’s Bakloh. Special forces from the two countries participated in a 21-day joint training exercise. The joint training provided an opportunity for the forces from both nations to train in airborne operations, special operations and counter-terrorism operations in a joint environment under the United Nations Charter.


7)  Beijing Tops, Bengaluru 2nd In Asia-Pacific In Tech Hubs

•Bengaluru ranks second in the Asia Pacific region in the top tech hubs list and is only behind China’s Beijing, according to a report by Cushman and Wakefield. The report, called ‘Tech Cities: The Global Intersection of Talent and Real Estate’, studied as many as 115 different ‘tech cities’ across the globe. After Beijing and Bengaluru, the list has three other Indian cities, Chennai, Delhi and Hyderabad. Mumbai and Pune also made it to the top-10 list with eighth and ninth position in a list of 14 cities from the APAC.


8)  RBI to release”fraud registry” blacklist with details of Scammers

•To help it keep repeat offenders out of the banking system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is developing a Fraud Registry blacklist. According to Executive Director Anil Kumar Sharma, the fraud registry would record data such as IP (internet protocol) addresses and phone numbers frequently used to commit fraud. Banks would be able to report these details to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) through a mechanism that would be developed. That will assist RBI in stopping these criminals from abusing the financial system to commit fraud after fraud after fraud.


9)  AAI and Sweden inks an MoU for sustainable aviation Tech

•At the AAI Corporate Headquarters in New Delhi, the LFV Air Navigation Services of Sweden and the Airports Authority of India (AAI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding. In order to investigate smart aviation solutions, the agreement netween Sweden and Airports Authority of India (AAI) brings together two air navigation service providers, India and Sweden, who have a track record of developing and implementing the newest generation of environmentally friendly aviation technology.


10)  Santosh Iyer to serve as MD and CEO of Mercedes-Benz India in January 2023

•Santosh Iyer will take over as managing director and chief executive officer of Mercedes-Benz (The German luxury automaker) India’s operations on January 1, 2023. Martin Schwenk, who will take over as President and Chief Executive Officer of Mercedes-Benz Thailand, will be replaced by Santosh Iyer. Santosh Iyer was appointed vice president of the firm for customer services and retail training in 2016.


11)  Miss Diva Universe 2022: Karnataka’s Divita Rai crowned this year

•23-year-old Divita Rai from Karnataka won the prestigious title of Miss Diva Universe 2022. She was crowned by the reigning Miss Universe 2021, Harnaaz Sandhu, at a lavish ceremony that celebrated the 10th anniversary of the coveted pageant. At the 71st Miss Universe pageant, Rai will be representing India, where Harnaaz Sandhu was crowned as the winner last year. Pragnya Ayyagari of Telangana was declared Miss Diva Supranational 2022.


12)  Rupee, Sensex Slides On Fed Reserve Hawkish Tone

•After hitting all-time low, the rupee recovered some of its losses to settle 10 paise down at 79.94 (provisional) against the US dollar, tracking the strength of the American currency and firm crude oil prices. At the interbank foreign exchange market, the local currency opened at 80.10 and fell to its all-time low of 80.15 against the US dollar in intra-day trade. The local unit finally settled at 79.94 a dollar, down 10 paise over its previous close of 79.84. On July 20, the rupee for the first time closed below the 80-mark at 80.05 against the American currency.

Read More

The HINDU Notes – 30th August 2022

14:33

 


📰 IAF to induct first LCH squadron in October

Mi-35 copter squadron in service being sent for overhaul

•The Indian Air Force (IAF) is set to formally raise its first unit of indigenous Light Combat Helicopters (LCHs) in Jodhpur in the first week of October coinciding with Air Force Day on October 8.

•Ten LCHs will be inducted in the first batch completing one unit, a defence official said on Monday.

•The IAF is still working out the total number of LCHs to be acquired, the official stated.

•The IAF operates the older Russian Mi-25 and Mi-35 attack helicopters, of which one squadron has been phased out following the induction of 22 Boeing AH-64E Apache attack helicopters. The existing Mi-35 squadron is in the process of being sent for overhaul which will extend its life by many years.

•The Army had already raised its first LCH squadron on June 1 in Bengaluru. As reported by The Hindu earlier, the unit will move to the Eastern Command along the Line of Actual Control (LCH) on completion of the raising next year.

•The Army plans to acquire 95 LCHs of which seven units, each having 10 helicopters, are planned to be deployed for combat role in the mountains.

•In March 2022, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) had approved procurement of 15 Limited Series Production (LSP) variants of the LCH at the cost of ₹3,887 crore along with infrastructure sanctions worth ₹377 crore. Of the 15 helicopters, 10 are for the IAF and five for the Army. The LCH is designed and developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

•The Defence Ministry had stated earlier that the LCH LSP is an indigenously designed, developed and manufactured state-of-the-art modern combat helicopter containing 45% indigenous content by value which will progressively increase to more than 55% for Series Production Version.

•The LCH is the first dedicated attack helicopter of the Army, which otherwise operates 75 Rudra helicopters, the weaponised variant of the indigenous Advanced Light Helicopter. It will start receiving Apache attack helicopters from early 2024 onwards, six of which have been contracted under an estimated $800 mn deal from the U.S. It is also in talks with Boeing for the procurement of 11 additional Apache helicopters.

📰 There are no easy answers to the freebies issue

The presumption that parties are oriented towards short-termism without any thought for the future may be incorrect

•When the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran launched his now-famous mid-day meal scheme in 1982, it met with opposition both within his own party, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), and the Opposition. Within the party, there were concerns that it would result in leakages and corruption. The Opposition said it was intended mostly to bolster his personal image among the poor.

•Parents saw merit in sending their children regularly to school. As a result, attendance at schools shot up. The benefits thus went beyond the immediate objective of providing adequate nutrition to children.

Merit versus non merit

•The success of the scheme illustrates a broader point. It is hard to capture the total welfare effects of a given scheme at the outset and, therefore, hard to evaluate the merit of a given freebie (a word used to describe subsidised consumption). Bicycles for children may look like a cheap electoral bribe. But those familiar with rural areas would know that poor transport is a serious obstacle to attending school or college. Television sets may not be about recreation, they could be vehicles for imparting useful information or they could simply bring the family together, both of which have wider benefits for society.

•Economists make a distinction between ‘merit’ goods and ‘non-merit’ goods. Merit goods, such as education and health care, have positive externalities, that is, the public benefit exceeds the private benefit. Such goods are worth subsidising. Not so ‘non-merit’ goods.

•But what is ‘merit’ or ‘non-merit’ is not always readily discernible. With their acute appreciation of grassroots realities, politicians often have a better understanding than economists do of the ‘merit’ underlying certain freebies. They have a much better grasp of what it takes to change the lives of the disadvantaged or to bring about social transformation

Court’s intervention

•These considerations seem to underlie the Supreme Court of India’s decision to refer the matter of freebies to a three-judge Bench instead of to a panel of experts as indicated earlier. During the hearings, the then Chief Justice of India, N.V. Ramana, remarked, “A shaving kit for a barber, a bicycle for a student, equipment for a toddy tapper or an iron for a washerman change their lifestyle and uplift them… That is why, sorry to say, you elite lawyers cannot understand.” How true.

•The Supreme Court has framed four questions for the three-judge Bench: What is the scope of judicial intervention? What should be the composition of the expert panel to examine the issue? Can the court pass any enforceable order? Does S. Subramaniam Balaji vs Government of Tamil Nadu and Others (2013) need reconsideration?

•In its ruling in S. Subramaniam Balaji vs Government of Tamil Nadu and Others, the Supreme Court of India provided an emphatic answer to the third question and it also partially addressed the first question. The case arose out of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government’s election promise of colour TV sets for a specified group of individuals in 2006 and the decision of the AIADMK government in 2011 to distribute goodies such as blenders, grinders, electric fans, etc.

•The Court addressed the argument that freebies are unproductive expenditure and hence must be frowned upon. The Court remarked, “Whether the State should frame a scheme, which directly gives benefits to improve the living standards or indirectly by increasing the means of livelihood, is for the State to decide and the role of the court is very limited in this regard.”

•The top court’s observations on the specific issue of whether the distribution of blenders, grinders, fans, mangalsutras, etc. is a desirable form of expenditure are worth quoting at length. “The concepts of livelihood and standard of living are bound to change in their content from time to time. It is factual that what was once considered to be a luxury has become a necessity in the present day.... Hence, ... largesse in the form of distribution of colour TVs, laptops, etc. to eligible and deserving persons is directly related to the directive principles of the State policy... Judicial interference is permissible when the action of the government is unconstitutional and not when such action is not wise or that the extent of expenditure is not for the good of the State.”

•Should the Supreme Court be issuing guidelines on a matter such as freebies? The Court observed that guidelines such as the Vishakha guidelines on sexual harassment could be issued where there was a legislative vacuum in respect of an issue. There was no such vacuum with respect to freebies: The Representation of the People Act dealt adequately with corrupt practices on the part of political parties.

Public finances and a cap

•It does appear that the crucial questions on freebies have been answered substantially. However, in the present petition, a new issue has been posed, namely, the potential for freebies to undermine public finances. What is to stop a political party from promising freebies left, right and centre in order to get elected and leaving behind a bankrupt economy? That seems to be the motivation for having a three-judge Bench revisit S. Subramaniam Balaji.

•The Supreme Court faces difficult questions. How do you rein in expenditure choices that are not responsible? Who makes the judgment on whether political parties are being responsible enough? Duvvuri Subbarao, former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, has proposed a cap on freebies, suitably defined. Alas, political parties will find a way around caps on freebies just as they have found ways around caps on the fiscal deficit. Moreover, it is hard to argue that freebies are the sole or even primary cause of fiscal imbalances. There is no assurance, therefore, that a cap on freebies will mean a return to overall fiscal prudence.

•It is also incorrect to suppose that political parties are entirely oriented towards short-termism and will indulge in spending without any thought for the future. Political parties view themselves as going concerns that are in the game for the long haul. They are unlikely to take decisions that will wreck an economy and discredit them in the eyes of the electorate forever.

About growth and equity

•Lastly, the issue is not expenditure on freebies per se but the choice of productive versus unproductive expenditure. It is all very well to say that we should be investing in job creation instead of blowing up scarce funds on freebies. But jobs in industry or services go to the relatively privileged, that is, those who have access to education and the means to afford it. A big chunk of freebies goes to those who will not be able to access the jobs created by productive expenditure.

•So, how much to spend on freebies relative to productive expenditure is also a question of growth versus equity. It is a question that can be answered ultimately only by the electorate. They will do so by voting to power parties that they think have got the balance right. We may have no choice but to rely on democratic accountability to address the issue of freebies.

📰 The jurisprudence of bail

Read More

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS4 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

09:02

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS4 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to download INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS4 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks
Read More

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS3 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

08:57

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS3 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to download INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS3 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks
Read More

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS2 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

07:30

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS2 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to download INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS2 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks
Read More

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS1 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

07:20

INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS1 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to download INSIGHT IAS STEP-UP GS1 FLT TEST SERIES 2022 WITH SOLUTION PDF

Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks
Read More

VISION IAS Mains 2023 Test 1 With Solution in English PDF

07:12

VISION IAS Mains 2023 Test 1 With Solution in English PDF

Click Here to download VISION IAS Mains 2023 Test 1 With Solution in English PDF

Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks
Read More

THE HINDU NEWSPAPER IMPORTANT ARTICLES 30.08.2022

06:57
th-important-articles-logo



Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks

Read More

Monday, August 29, 2022

The HINDU Notes – 29th August 2022

17:28

 


📰 The cyber threat to mobile banking

The lack of adequate cybersecurity and the dearth of talent in banking could potentially lead to a further rise in cyberattacks on user devices

•According to a 2020 Statista survey across 25 States in India, two-third respondents said they had a smartphone. Of these, half said they sent and received money digitally, and about 31% said they had a mobile app for banking. Nearly 14% said they used their mobile phones for banking-related purposes.

•Global cybersecurity firm Kaspersky warns of an increase in cyberattacks on Android and iOS devices in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region. One mobile banking trojan, called Anubis, has been targeting Android users since 2017. Roaming Mantis is another prolific malware targeting mobile banking users.

•There is push from regulators to make payment platforms interoperable at a time when the demand for technical experts is a serious concern in the banking industry.

•As cash transactions become a thing of the past, an increasing number of people’s interactions with their bank or bank accounts happen through their smartphones. According to a 2020 Statista survey of five thousand odd households across 25 States in India, two-third respondents said they had a smartphone. Of these, half said they sent and received money digitally, and about 31% said they had a mobile app for banking. Nearly 14% said they used their mobile phones for banking-related purposes. This number further jumped as the COVID-19 pandemic made a lot more people switch to digital modes of payment instead of transacting with cash. Convenience and quickness in completing payments via mobile applications also played a key role in accelerating this trend. This acceleration brings along with it a vulnerability: an increased threat of cyberattacks on mobile devices.

Kaspersky’s view of the threat

•Global cybersecurity firm Kaspersky warns of an increase in cyberattacks on Android and iOS devices in the Asia Pacific (APAC) as more people switch to mobile banking in the region. According to Kaspersky’s senior malware researcher Suguru Ishimaru, mobile banking Trojans are dangerous malware that can steal money from mobile users’ bank accounts by disguising the malicious application as a legitimate app to lure unsuspecting people into installing the malware. (A Trojan is a malicious code or software that looks legitimate but can take control of your device, including smartphones.)

•At the APAC Cyber Security Weekend conference on Thursday, Mr. Ishimaru pointed out two prominent malware campaigns that operate in the region and target smartphone users in several countries.

Trojans let loose

•One mobile banking trojan, called Anubis, has been targeting Android users since 2017, and its worldwide campaigns have hit users in Russia, Turkey, India, China, Colombia, France, Germany, the U.S., Denmark, and Vietnam. The malware has continued to be one of the most common mobile banking trojans with one in 10 unique Kaspersky users encountering a banking threat from the malware. The perpetrators infect the device through legitimate-looking and high-ranking malicious apps on Google Play, smishing (phishing messages sent through SMS), and BianLian malware, another mobile banking Trojan, Mr. Ishimaru noted.

•Roaming Mantis is another prolific malware targeting mobile banking users. The group attacks Android devices and spreads the malicious code by hijacking domain name systems (DNS) through smishing exploits. Kaspersky’s research team has been tracking the malware since 2018; and between the start of 2021 to the first half of 2022 alone, they detected nearly half a million attacks in the APAC region.

•Mr. Ishimaru said that while this threat group is known for targeting Android devices, their recent campaign has shown interest in iOS users. The group targets users by sending smishing texts with a short description and a URL landing page. If a user clicks on the link and opens the landing page, they are redirected to a phishing page. For iOS users, the landing page mimics Apple’s official website; while Android devices download another malware. And once the individual inputs their login credentials and proceed to the two-factor authentication, the attacker gets to know the user’s device and login details.

•“There is a notion that iOS is a more secure operating system,” Mr. Ishimaru said. “However, we [users] must take two things into account — the increasing sophistication of mobile bankers’ social engineering techniques and malware arsenal and the possibility for human errors.”

Interoperability compounds problems

•Mobile payment platforms like Google Pay, PaytM, PhonePe, Square, PayPal, and Alipay have benefited from the shift in consumers’ adoption of mobile banking.

•As a result, they have also permanently changed the payments game to their advantage. But these platforms are operating in a closed-loop payment world where a Google Pay user can send money to another bank account via only the search giant’s payment platform. This is similar to how Visa and Mastercard operate as they let payment transactions happen only within their own networks, not between each other.

•This business model could change “driven partly by regulators that prefer open, standardised platforms that lower barriers to entry,” according to an Accenture report on banking trends in 2022.

•Some countries are already making payment platform providers change their business model. China, for instance, has ordered its internet companies to offer their rival firm’s link and payment services on their platforms. In India, a new law demands all licensed mobile payment platforms to be capable of providing interoperability between wallets. The push from regulators to make payment platforms interoperable comes at a time when the demand for technical experts is a serious concern in the banking industry.

•The shortage of technology, engineering, data and security experts needed by banks to realise their digital aspirations tends to hide a much wider problem: banks’ appeal as first-choice employers of all kinds of talent has faded, Accenture’s report adds. The lack of adequate cybersecurity and the dearth of talent in banking could potentially lead to a further rise in cyberattacks on user devices. And until this mismatch is fixed, it helps to be careful and extremely cautious when using a mobile device to make payments. Apart from the usual digital hygiene practices like keeping the phone up-to-date and rebooting regularly, consumers can ensure they use their phones for banking only when the device is connected to a secure VPN. iOS 16 users can turn on the Lockdown Mode as it limits the device’s functionality and protects it from any potential malware.

📰 Clean and clear

Read More

THE HINDU NEWSPAPER IMPORTANT ARTICLES 29.08.2022

17:14
th-important-articles-logo



Click Here to Like our Facebook page for latest updates and free ebooks

Read More