Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in articles 343 to 351.The Constitution does not specify the official language of different states. At present (2018), the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution specifies 22 languages (originally 14 languages).
List of all the 22 languages specified in the constitution is as follows;
Language
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Spoken in the States
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1. Assamese
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Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
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2. Benga
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West Bengal, Assam and Tripura, Andaman islands and Bangladesh
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3. Gujarati
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Gujarat, Daman and Diu
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4. Hindi
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Almost every part of the country including North-Central India
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5. Kannada
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Karnataka
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6. Kashmiri
|
Kashmir
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7. Konkani
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It is the official language of Goa but spoken in Southern Maharashtra, North Karnataka, Kerala also.
|
8. Malayalam
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Southwestern Kerala, Lakshadweep, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
|
9. Manipuri
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Manipur, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Bangladesh and Myanmar
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10. Marathi
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In addition to Maharashtra, it is spoken in Goa, Karnataka, Gujarat, Daman and Diu and Dadar and Nagar Haveli.
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11. Nepali
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It is the national language of Nepal. It is also spoken in Sikkim, West Bengal, North-eastern states, Bhutan, Tibet and Myanmar.
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12. Odia
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It is mainly spoken in Odisha. It is the official language of the Odisha state.
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13. Punjabi
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It is principle language of Punjab but spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Pakistan, USA, Canada and Australia also.
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14. Sanskrit
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At present; this language is not spoken in almost any part of India. But it is still spoken in Mattur (Mathur) village of Karnataka state.
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15. Sindhi
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This language is mainly spoken in Gujarat and Sindh province of Pakistan.
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16. Tamil
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This is the official language of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. It is spoken in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, Vietnam also.
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17.Urdu
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It is an additional official language of Jammu & Kashmir, Telangana, Delhi, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. There are 4.81 crores Urdu speakers in India, 1.07 crores in Pakistan, 6.5 lacs in Bangladesh and 4 lacs in Britain.
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18. Telugu
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It is principle language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Apart from these states; it is spoken in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha, Puducherry and Chhattisgarh also.
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19. Bodo
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Bodo or Baro is a Tibetan-Burmese language spoken by Bodo people living in northeast, Nepal and Bangladesh.
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20. Dogri
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Dogri language is spoken in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Dogri is the dialect of Punjabi.
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21. Maithili
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Maithili language is spoken in the northern region of Bihar and Valley of Nepal.
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22. Santali
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It is spoken in Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Tripura and Bengal. It is spoken in Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan also.
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